The two-storey detached house in Beckum, North Rhine-Westphalia, with around 80m² of living space per floor, consists of three-shelled walls filled with insulating compound. The premiere house is produced by a 3D concrete printer installed on site. The printing results of HeidelbergCement's material are convincing, and the ground floor is almost standing.
"The development of a cement-bound material for 3D printing is a major challenge. It should be easy to pump and extrude," says Dr. Jennifer Scheydt, head of the Engineering & Innovation department at HeidelbergCement Germany. "It must also quickly develop sufficient load-bearing capacity so that the lower layers do not give out under the load of the upper layers. At the same time, the bond between the layers must be ensured," says Scheydt.
The house in Beckum is printed by PERI, one of the leading manufacturers of formwork and scaffolding systems for the construction industry. "The construction of the 3D-printed residential building in Beckum is a milestone for 3D construction printing technology," says Thomas Imbacher, Innovation & Marketing director at PERI. "We are very confident that construction printing will become increasingly important in certain market segments over the coming years and has considerable potential. Other residential printing projects are now being drawn up in Germany. We are proud that PERI's involvement in the project in Beckum has seen us become a pioneer and forerunner for this new construction technique."
Engineering firm Schießl Gehlen Sodeikat supported the development of the concept for obtaining approval for the 3D concrete house build. This included pre-application tests on the 3D concrete printer carried out by staff at the Technical University of Munich.
The 3D concrete printer was developed by COBOD, a Danish manufacturer that PERI has held a stake in since 2018. The print head moves on a fixed metal frame in all three spatial axes. This enables the printer to move to any position within the construction. During the printing process, the printer also takes into account the pipes and fittings to be laid later, for example, for water or electricity.
This completely new construction technique performed for the first time in Germany has smoothly passed all official approval processes in recent weeks and months. The approval granted by the North Rhine-Westphalian building authorities on a case-by-case basis for the project has been obtained by HeidelbergCement together with PERI.
"As a high-performance and innovative partner, HeidelbergCement has contributed to the fact that all open questions regarding the construction method and the printing material were able to be clarified quickly and without problems," says Fabian Meyer-Brötz, head of 3D Construction Printing at PERI.
Thanks to the extensive knowledge about cement and concrete and the innovative research at HeidelbergCement and its subsidiary Italcementi, the firm will in future provide high-quality products and technical know-how to architects, builders and companies that want to produce houses or concrete products with 3D printers. "We have adapted the traditional building material concrete to the possibilities offered by digitalisation," says Enrico Borgarello, Director of Global Product Innovation at HeidelbergCement, who is responsible for the development of "i.tech 3D".
The innovative material for 3D printing; thus not only allows new freedom in design but also more variety since each component can be individually designed. Last but not least – as impressively demonstrated in Beckum – it enables the construction process to be significantly accelerated. Thus "i.tech 3D" can provide a boost to innovation for very different players of the construction industry.
